China’s Role in Global Governance: Rising Power or Responsible Stakeholder?
In recent decades, China has emerged as a significant actor in the arena of global governance, transforming from a relatively reclusive state to a leading player asserting its influence through various international institutions. This evolution raises fundamental questions: Is China a rising power seeking to reshape global governance according to its own interests, or is it a responsible stakeholder committed to upholding international norms and contributing positively to global challenges?
The Rise of China
The last few decades have witnessed the meteoric rise of China, both economically and geopolitically. As the world’s second-largest economy, China has demonstrated its capacity to exert influence across multiple dimensions, including trade, investment, security, and diplomacy. This rise has induced shifts in global paradigms, prompting both cooperation and apprehension among others on the world stage.
One of the most significant manifestations of China’s growing influence is its participation in international organizations. China has become an essential member of the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the G20, and various regional organizations such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Through these platforms, China has asserted its presence and begun to shape the rules of international engagement.
The Case for a Rising Power
Critics argue that China’s approach to global governance is reflective of a rising power that seeks to reshape existing norms to favor its interests. For instance, its assertiveness in territorial disputes in the South China Sea and its promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have raised concerns about debt diplomacy and regional hegemony, suggesting a desire to challenge existing power structures dominated by Western nations.
Moreover, China’s political model—a blend of state capitalism and authoritarian governance—contrasts sharply with prevailing liberal democratic ideals. As the Chinese government invests in authoritarian regimes and promotes a narrative of development that does not hinge on democratic reforms or human rights, there is concern that its influence could erode the foundational principles of the liberal international order.
The Argument for a Responsible Stakeholder
However, assessing China’s role purely as that of a rising power may overlook its contributions as a responsible stakeholder in global governance. In recent years, China has demonstrated a growing commitment to multilateralism and global cooperation. For instance, it has played a significant role in climate change initiatives, including the Paris Agreement, where it has pledged to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.
China’s engagement in international health governance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrates another aspect of its responsible stakeholder role. China contributed funds to the World Health Organization (WHO) and initiated collaborations to share information and resources with developing countries. In addition, Chinese pharmaceutical companies have been pivotal in vaccine development and distribution, especially in lower-income nations.
Furthermore, China’s participation in peacekeeping operations under the UN banner has expanded, making it one of the largest contributors of troops among the permanent members of the Security Council. This commitment to global peace and stability reflects an acknowledgment of its responsibilities as a major global power.
Conclusion: A Dual Nature
Ultimately, China’s role in global governance can be characterized as one of duality. On one hand, it is undeniably a rising power, keenly interested in reshaping global frameworks to align with its national interests. On the other hand, it is increasingly acting as a responsible stakeholder that engages in multilateral efforts to address urgent global challenges, from climate change to public health crises.
As the international community grapples with complex issues that transcend national borders—such as terrorism, climate change, and pandemics—it becomes crucial to encourage China to live up to its responsibilities. Reinforcing dialogue, fostering inclusiveness in global governance, and urging China toward a more constructive engagement can help enhance stability and cooperation in an increasingly multipolar world.
Through collaborative efforts, China can evolve from a mere rising power to a respected and responsible stakeholder in global governance, contributing positively to a stable and equitable international order. The path forward will require mutual respect, shared values, and transparent dialogue to harness the potential of a world where no single nation can address challenges in isolation.
